Reverse Engineering PCB
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PCB Card Cloning Concept
An illustration of the PCB Card Cloning concept using an ADC with high impedance differential inputs is shown in below Figure. A High-Impedance Differential Input ADC Also Allows High Note that the general concept can be extended to virtually any sig...
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Schematice Restored By PCB Card Reverse Engineering
This schematice restored by PCB Card Reverse Engineering allows relative freedom from tightly controlling ground drop voltages, or running additional and/or larger PCB traces to minimize such error voltages. Note that it can be implemented either wit...
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Printed Circuit Board Cloning Principle
Full signal transmission accuracy can still be accomplished in the face of such high noise voltages, by employing a Printed Circuit Board Cloning principle discussed earlier. This is the use of a differential-input, ground isolation amplifier. The gr...
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Ground Isolation Techniques
While the use of ground planes from Printed Circuit Board Gerber Regeneration does lower impedance and helps greatly in lowering ground noise, there may still be situations where a prohibitive level of noise exists. In such cases, the use of ground e...
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Ground Noise and Ground Loops
A more realistic model of a ground system from PCB Reverse Engineering is shown in below Figure. The signal return current flows in the complex impedance existing between ground points G1 and G2 as shown, giving rise to a voltage drop X V in this pat...
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Signal Return Currents
Kirchoff’s Law tells us that at any point in a circuit the algebraic sum of the currents is zero. This tells us that all currents flow in circles and, particularly, that the signal return current must always be considered when analyzing a circu...
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PCB Board Replication Service
For a given copper weight and trace width, a resistance/length calculation can be made after PCB Board Replication Service. For example, the 0.25 mm (10 mil) wide traces frequently equates to a resistance/length of about 19m/cm (48m/inch), which is q...
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PCB Board Gerber Restoration
The ground plane can act as a shield where sensitive signals cross. a good layout from PCB Board Gerber restoration for a data acquisition board where all sensitive areas are isolated from each other and signal paths are kept as short as possible. Wh...
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How to Avoid Cross Talk In Printed Circuit Board Reverse Engineering
In the process of Printed Circuit Board Reverse Engineering, Any subsystem or circuit layout operating at high frequency and/or high precision with both analog and digital signals should like to have those signals physically separated as much as poss...
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Printed Circuit Board Gerber Recreation
Printed circuit board gerber recreation effort keeps growing as additional constraints such as rising clock frequencies, reduced area, increasing number of layers, mixed signal devices, and the ever increase in component numbers and densities. All of...
